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1.
Res Dev Disabil ; 58: 65-82, 2016 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27596962

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of Specific Language Impairment (SLI) is very complex, given the variety of clinical pictures described in this disorder. Knowledge about the linguistic markers of SLI can facilitate its differentiation from the normal profile of language development. These markers can also be used as tools that may improve diagnostic. AIMS: To determine which psycholinguistic markers best discriminate Spanish-speaking children with SLI from children with typical language development. METHOD AND PROCEDURE: The performance of 31 Spanish-speaking children with SLI was analysed using a battery of 13 psycholinguistic tasks organized into two areas: phonology and morphosyntax. The performance of the SLI group was compared to that of two subgroups of controls: aged matched (CA) and linguistically matched (CL). OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: The data show that the SLI group performed worse than the CA subgroup on all 13 verbal tasks. However, the performance of the SLI group did not significantly differ from that of the CL subgroup on most (11/13) of the tasks. Stepwise discriminant analysis established the canonical function of three tasks (morphologic integration, sentence understanding and diadochokinesis) which significantly discriminated SLI from CA, with sensitivity 84% and specificity 90%. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: These results contribute to determining the psycholinguistic and clinical characteristics of SLI in Spanish-speaking children and provide some methods for screening assessment.


Assuntos
Compreensão , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem/diagnóstico , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Análise Discriminante , Feminino , Humanos , Testes de Linguagem , Masculino , Fonética , Psicolinguística , Espanha
2.
Rev. logop. foniatr. audiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 36(1): 36-52, ene.-mar. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-149856

RESUMO

Existen distintas propuestas sobre marcadores psicolingüísticos y sobre taxonomías del trastorno específico del lenguaje (TEL). Este trabajo presenta los resultados obtenidos en 8 tareas psicolingüísticas por 2 grupos de niños: 31 niños con TEL (GTEL) y 31 niños igualados en edad cronológica (GC). Las tareas han sido elaboradas ad hoc para valorar los marcadores psicolingüísticos en las 4 áreas clásicas: fonología, morfosintaxis, semántica y pragmática. En primer lugar, se comprueba que los niños del GTEL rinden significativamente peor que los niños del GC en las 8 tareas. En segundo lugar, un análisis de conglomerados K-medias clasifica a los 31 sujetos del grupo TEL en 4 conglomerados. En tercer lugar, un análisis discriminante comprueba si la clasificación clínica hecha a priori se mantiene tras los resultados del estudio. Se presenta el perfil de los conglomerados y se discuten sus características respecto a los subtipos de la taxonomía clínica de Rapin y Allen. Finalmente, se analizan las similitudes y diferencias entre ambas tipologías. Los resultados obtenidos ayudan a esclarecer los marcadores psicolingüísticos del TEL en niños de habla española y refuerzan la utilidad clínica de su clasificación en subtipos y la vigencia de la taxonomía de Rapin y Allen (AU)


There are various proposals for psycholinguistic markers and for taxonomies of specific language impairment (SLI). This study presents the results obtained in eight psycholinguistic tasks by two groups of Spanish-speaking children: 31 children with SLI (SLI) and 31 children matched for chronological age (CA). The tasks were developed ad hoc to assess psycholinguistic markers in the four traditional areas: phonology, morphosyntax, semantics and pragmatics. Firstly, we found that SLI group scored significantly worse than CA group in the eight tasks. Secondly, a K-Means cluster analysis distinguished five clusters within the 31 subject of SLI group. Thirdly, a discriminant analysis checks whether an a priori clinical classification is maintained after the study results. We present the profile of these clusters and discuss their features regarding Rapin & Allen taxonomy clinical subtypes. Finally, the similarities and differences between the two classifications are analyzed. The results obtained in this work help shed light on the psycholinguistic markers of the Spanish-SLI and reinforce the clinical utility of its classification into subtypes and the validity of the Rapin & Allen taxonomy (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Testes de Linguagem/normas , Classificação , Psicolinguística/educação , Psicolinguística/métodos , Neuropsicologia/educação , Neuropsicologia/métodos , Semântica , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Disfonia/metabolismo , Disfonia/psicologia , Testes de Linguagem , Classificação/métodos , Psicolinguística/classificação , Psicolinguística/normas , Neuropsicologia/classificação , Neuropsicologia/ética , Biomarcadores/análise , Disfonia/complicações , Disfonia/genética
3.
Rev. logop. foniatr. audiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 35(1): 17-29, ene.-mar. 2015. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-131940

RESUMO

Este estudio analiza las diferencias grupales e individuales en los resultados obtenidos tras la reeducación vocal de un grupo de pacientes disfónicos con diferentes diagnósticos, utilizando un protocolo multidimensional breve de evaluación. Las voces de 21 participantes con disfonía y 21 controles se evalúan y comparan en pretratamiento vs. postratamiento logopédico. El funcionamiento de la voz fue valorado antes y después del tratamiento mediante un conjunto de pruebas que incluían la videolaringostroboscopia, la valoración aerodinámica y tests de autoevaluación mediante cuestionarios de autoinforme. El grupo de tratamiento logopédico (TL) recibió 2 sesiones de terapia de la voz a la semana durante 3 meses. Tres reevaluaciones de seguimiento se llevaron también a cabo después de terminado el tratamiento para valorar la eficacia y la latencia del mismo. Un MANOVA con la prueba de la traza de Pillai mostró un efecto significativo de grupo del tratamiento logopédico en todas las variables evaluadas. Un T-test pretratamiento vs. postratamiento de los cambios individuales resultó también significativo en la mayoría de los participantes con disfonía, a pesar del amplio rango de puntuaciones mostrado (alta varianza) por las diferentes medidas utilizadas para valorar el programa de tratamiento logopédico aplicado. Los resultados corroboran la eficacia de la reeducación vocal con logopedia tanto en los análisis grupales como individuales en al menos algunos tipos de patologías de la voz. Sin embargo, ciertas características y antecedentes de los participantes se destacan como las más favorables para beneficiarse del tratamiento logopédico de la voz (AU)


This study analyzed group and individual differences in the results of vocal rehabilitation in a group of dysphonic patients with different diagnoses, using a brief multidimensional assessment protocol. The voices of 21 participants with dysphonia and 21 controls were evaluated and compared in a pre- vs. post-speech therapy treatment. Voice performance was assessed before and after treatment by a set of tests that included videolaryngostroboscopy, aerodynamic tasks, and self-rating questionnaires. The speech-therapy treatment group received two sessions of speech therapy a week for 3 months. Three follow-up reevaluations of group effects and individual variability were also carried out to assess the latency period after the end of treatment. MANOVA with Pillai's trace test showed a significant group effect of the vocal treatment on all of the variables assessed. A pre- vs. post- treatment T-test of individual changes was also significant in most of the dysphonic participants, despite the wide range of scores (high variance) in the different measures used after the voice therapy program. The results of both group and individual analyses support the effectiveness of vocal rehabilitation with speech therapy in at least some types of voice disorders. However, voice therapy was more effective in participants with certain characteristics and antecedents (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Disfonia/diagnóstico , Disfonia/reabilitação , Disfonia/terapia , Distúrbios da Voz/complicações , Distúrbios da Voz/diagnóstico , Distúrbios da Voz/reabilitação , Voz/fisiologia , Análise de Variância , Autoavaliação (Psicologia) , Programas de Autoavaliação , Microscopia de Vídeo/tendências , Fonação/fisiologia , Fonoaudiologia/métodos , Fonoaudiologia/organização & administração , Inquéritos e Questionários
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